Adult-Gerontology Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) Practice Exam

Which of the following hypoglycemic agents/steroids can cause depression in older patients?

1. L-Dopa.

2. Isoniazid.

3. Estrogens.

4. Morphine.

The correct answer is: Estrogens.

Estrogens are known to have complex effects on mood and emotional well-being, especially in older patients. As hormone levels fluctuate, particularly during menopause and in the postmenopausal state, some women may experience significant mood changes. The administration of estrogens can influence neurotransmitter systems in the brain, which may lead to depressive symptoms in susceptible individuals. In older patients, the potential for depression is heightened due to factors such as medical comorbidities, medication interactions, and psychological stressors. Given that estrogens can modulate mood and are linked to mood disorders, this makes them a relevant factor to consider when observing changes in emotional states among older adults. The other options do not have a strong association with causing depression, particularly in the older population. L-Dopa is primarily used to treat Parkinson's disease and can lead to its own set of side effects, but it is not commonly associated with depression in older patients. Isoniazid, while it can have various side effects, is primarily an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis and is not known for causing depression directly. Morphine, as an opioid, may lead to mood changes or cognitive impairment but is more often associated with sedation and potential dependence rather than direct depressive disorders. Thus,