Adult-Gerontology Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) Practice Exam

Which of the following is a common risk factor for developing breast cancer?

1. Late menopause

2. Early menopause

3. Regular exercise

4. Low-fat diet

The correct answer is: Late menopause

Late menopause is a common risk factor for developing breast cancer because it extends the duration of exposure to estrogen in a woman's life. Estrogen is known to promote the growth of breast cells, and prolonged exposure due to late menopause can increase the likelihood of mutations and changes in those cells, leading to cancerous developments. By contrast, early menopause typically reduces the lifetime exposure to estrogen, which can lower the risk of breast cancer. Regular exercise is often associated with a reduced risk of various cancers, including breast cancer, due to its positive effects on hormonal balance and weight management. Similarly, a low-fat diet can contribute to overall health and potentially lower cancer risks, promoting a healthy weight and reducing inflammation. These factors help illustrate why late menopause stands out as a significant risk factor, as it directly correlates with extended estrogen exposure, which can elevate breast cancer risk.